对部分简单形体产生的自然电位进行定量分析     

欧塬圩 《地质与勘探》2017,53(2):310-317

本文提出了一种新的特征点法,并在前人的基础上改进了一种数值计算方法(最小二乘法),以此来确定部分具有自然电位异常简单地质体的形态(形态系数)、埋藏深度、极化角和电偶极矩。特征点法通过剖面上三个特殊点(两个极值点和零电位点)的值以及它们相互间的距离便可快速求取地质体各参数。改进的最小二乘法则是在前人的基础上加入了零电位点的计算及其它处理方法,以此来获得准确性更高的地质体各参数。两种方法都被用来计算加入±5%随机误差的理论模型数据,并在土耳其的一个实际野外数据中得到测试。结果表明所求的参数与实际参数具有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

A1B情景下东亚地区未来春季沙尘变化趋势预估     

宿兴涛  张志标  欧磊 《中国沙漠》2017,37(2):315-320

采用区域气候与沙尘耦合模式RegCM4-Dust,模拟研究了A1B情景下东亚地区未来（2015-2100年）春季沙尘变化趋势。结果表明：（1）总体上,东亚沙尘源区起尘通量与沉降通量存在明显的振荡特征,而沙尘光学厚度呈现显著的波动减小趋势;源区下游沙尘光学厚度和沉降通量均呈现显著的波动增大趋势。（2）沙尘子源区中,仅塔克拉玛干沙漠及周边地区起尘通量有显著波动减少趋势,速度达-2.1%/10a;萨雷耶西克阿特劳沙漠和呼伦贝尔沙地沙尘光学厚度减小速度最快,分别达到-2.8%/10a、-2.3%/10a。（3）未来,中国华北南部、黄淮以及长江中下游地区以及中国东、南部近海春季沙尘光学厚度增速均为1.5%/10a;中国近海沙尘沉降通量显著上升,速度达1.9%/10a。（4）地面风速尤其是最大风速变化是导致起尘通量变化的主要因素,而影响光学厚度的主要因素是地面最大风速。  相似文献   

Robust estimation for correlated observations: two local sensitivity-based downweighting strategies   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jianfeng Guo  Jikun Ou  Haitao Wang 《Journal of Geodesy》2010,84(4):243-250

An iterative robust estimation procedure for correlated observations is proposed, in which the a-prior correlation coefficient matrix is not updated to alleviate the computational burden. Selection of the downweighting strategy plays a key role in the proposed method. Two local sensitivity-based strategies, one is based on the uniformly most powerful test statistics, the other is based on the standardized least squares residuals, are developed and analyzed. Monte Carlo simulations in the GPS network adjustment scenario demonstrate that, the two strategies can provide a certain resistance against the deteriorating effect of outlying observations on the parameter estimates; the former downweighting strategy is superior to the latter one, both in terms of robustness and computational efficiency.  相似文献   

贵州喀斯特石漠化防治的国家重点生态功能区生态系统健康度评价     

邓欧  李亦秋  杨广斌  李若霜 《中国岩溶》2020,39(5):689-696

文章以桂黔滇喀斯特石漠化防治的国家重点生态功能区贵州区为研究对象,以2010、2015年遥感影像、基础地理信息、降水、土壤等数据资料为基础,集成3S技术和生态评估模型,对水源涵养、土壤侵蚀和石漠化进行定量和定位研究。结果表明:研究区4个亚区的水源涵养功能等级处于“中”、“高”等水平,2015年比2010年的水源涵养指数有所提高;威宁—赫章区、关岭—镇宁区和册亨—望谟区3个亚区的土壤侵蚀模数较大,水土保持功能等级处于“低”等,罗甸—平塘区的土壤侵蚀模数最低,其水土保持功能等级为“中”等;威宁—赫章区2010年中度以上石漠化比重达16.36%,2015年降为8.74%,生态系统健康度从“低”转为“中”;关岭—镇宁2010年和2015年中度以上石漠化比重分别为8.64%和4.49%,生态系统健康度从“中”转化“高”;册亨—望谟和罗甸—平塘的健康度均为“高”,2015年相比2010年均有所提升;4个亚区的石漠化恶化面积所占比重均不到1.00%,石漠化好转区域分别占27.00%、14.10%、10.24%和5.13%,石漠化得到了有效遏制。今后应继续因地制宜,恢复植被和生态系统,巩固和扩大石漠化防治成果。   相似文献   

A new smooth hysteretic model for ductile flexural‐dominated reinforced concrete bridge columns          下载免费PDF全文

Ping‐Hsiung Wang  Yu‐Chen Ou  Kuo‐Chun Chang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(14):2237-2259

A new smooth hysteretic model is proposed for ductile, flexural‐dominated reinforced concrete bridge columns. Four columns designed per modern seismic codes were tested using monotonically increasing and variable‐amplitude cyclic loading protocols and ground motion loading to develop the model. Based on the test results, hysteretic rules for damage accumulation and path dependence of reloading were constructed. For damage accumulation, unloading stiffness degradation is correlated with the maximum displacement and hysteretic energy dissipation, while reloading stiffness degradation is set equal to the unloading stiffness degradation. Pinching severity is related to the residual displacement in the direction opposite to the loading direction. Strength deterioration is correlated with the damage index and does not occur until the damage index reaches a threshold, after which the deterioration is proportional to the increase of the damage index. For path dependence of reloading, reloading paths are classified into primary paths and associate paths. The primary paths are those that start from a residual displacement that is equal to or larger than the previous maximum one. The associate paths are those that do not belong to primary paths and tend to be directed towards certain points. Reloading without load reversal is assumed to be linear. Comparison with the results of pseudo‐dynamic tests using three consecutive ground motions showed that the proposed model closely matched the test results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Can Hydraulic Conductivity of Fluvial Sediments be Informed by Spectral Reflectance?     

Yao Li  Liu  Can  Ou  Gengxin  Wang  Zhaowei  Korus  Jesse  Jiang  Ran 《Water Resources》2020,47(5):846-854

Water Resources - This study explores the statistical relationship between spectral reflectance and hydraulic conductivity (K) of fluvial sediments in two Nebraska rivers. The spectral reflectance...  相似文献   

太湖流域高度城镇化地区畅流活水多目标调度决策研究     

周宏  石永杰  刘俊  欧淑芳  施力铭 《湖泊科学》2023,35(4):1279-1295

随着城市化进程的加快,高污染负荷、弱水动力条件、强人工干预导致的平原河网地区河道水质恶化、生态衰退已成为制约城市高质量发展的瓶颈之一。结合太湖流域高度城镇化地区水文水动力特性,构建了水动力-水质耦合模型,模拟了不同情景下河网水动力与水质情况。统筹考虑水质改善、水动力提升、经济成本等多目标,建立了活水调度多目标决策体系,基于模糊层次分析法确定评价体系水质改善、水动力提升与经济成本指标层权重分别为0.390、0.345、0.265,为各指标层设计对应的要素层,并利用模糊综合评价法进行评价。结果表明,针对不同调度情景下水质改善、水动力提升及经济成本等多目标的决策,利用多目标调度决策方法可有效确定效果最佳的工程调度情形。太湖流域高度城镇化地区区域性控制工程对畅流活水效果的影响要远大于锡山区控制工程,运东大包围城市防洪工程调度模式对研究区活水效果的影响最大。比选出的最优活水方案实现的研究区活水效果为水质达标率82%,水质平均提升率31%,Ⅲ类水断面占比61%,平均流速0.10 m/s,较优流速占比39%,滞水率32%。相较于传统的单指标或多指标简单比较的决策方法,多目标调度决策方法更具有综合性、...  相似文献